Direct Shear Test : -
The equipment meets the essential requirements of 18:2720 (Part XIII). It has a normal load capacity of 8 kgf/cm2, when loads are applied through lever and 1.6 kgf/cm2 when loads are applied directly. It has arrangement for applying twelve rates of strain from .0002mm/min to 1.25mm/min. With such facilities the apparatus provides means to conduct various types of shear tests on large variety of soils and study shear strength characteristics.

The following tests can be performed with this apparatus: -
1. Undrained test or quick test
2. Consolidated -undrained or consolidated quick test
3. Consolidated-drained test or slow test
4. Multiple reversal test to obtain residual strength

Tests on this apparatus provide information about the ultimate shear resistance and enable to compute angle of shearing resistance and cohesion intercept of soil samples. The apparatus also provides facility for measuring the residual strength apart from peak shear strength. The information obtained from the tests on this apparatus is of importance in design of sub-structure, in determining bearing capacity of soils, and in stability calculations of earth slopes etc. It operates on 220 volts, 50 Hz., single phase, AC supply.

California Bearing Ratio: -
The California Bearing Ratio (CBR) Test Apparatus meets the requirements of 18:2720 (Part XVI). It is used for the laboratory determination of California Bearing Ratio and Expansion Characteristics of undisturbed soil specimens obtained from the field and also of remoulded specimens of the soil compacted in the laboratory by static or dynamic compaction. All types of soils such as sand, gravel and crushed stone can be tested. It is also used for the selection of material and control of subgrade

AI M-120 is supplied with Load Frame Cap. 50kN (500kgf), Motorised having three constant rates of strain.

One Dimensional Consolidation Test: -
To determine coefficient of compressibility, coefficient of consolidation and compression index of a soil.

Sample extruder, consolidation ring, trimming equipment, filter paper, consolidation cell, porous stone, dial gauge, loading arrangement, balance, stop watch, etc.

Jodhpur Permeameter: -
The object of the experiment is to determine the coefficient of permeability of soil in the laboratory by constant head test using Jodhpur Permeameter.
Materials and equipment.
(i) Jodhpur Permeameter complete with all accessories,
(ii) De-aired water,
(iii) Balance to weigh to 1 g,
(iv) 4.75 mm and 2 mm IS sieves,
(V) Mixing pan or basin,
(vi) Stop watch,
(vii) Graduated measuring cylinder,
(viii) Metre scale,
(ix) Beaker,
(x) Thermometer,
(xi) Containers for water content determination,
(xii) Straight edge or trimming knife.

Liquid Limit Test : -
To determine liquid limit of soil using Casagrande liquid limit apparatus.
Apparatus : -
Casagrande liquid limit apparatus, grooving tool, glass plate, spatula, balance, oven, containers dessicator, 0.425 mm sieve, etc.
Theory : -
The physical state of a fine-grained soil at particular water content is k110wn as consistency. Consistency refers to the relative ease at which a soil can be deformed. Depending on its water content a soil may exist in the liquid, plastic, semi-solid or solid state. A Swedish agriculturist Atterberg (1911) set arbitrary limits for these divisions in terms of water content. Liquid limit is the water content corresponding to the arbitrary limit between liquid and plastic state. With reference to the liquid limit devise it is defined as the minimum water content at which a pat of soil cut by a groove of standard dimensions, will flow together for a distance of 12 mm (Y2 inch) under the impact of 25 blows in a standard liquid limit apparatus.

Objective (Specific Gravity) : -
To determine the specific gravity of soil using density bottle.
Apparatus : -
Density bottle with stopper having capillary hole at its center, wash bottle, de-aired distilled water, alcohol, ether, balance, vacuum sets, constant temperature water bath, etc.
Theory : -
The specific gravity of soil solids is determined by either (a) density bottle or (b) specific gravity flask or (c) pycnometer. The density bottle is suitable for all types of soil and it is the accrutate method. Whereas the specific gravity flask or pycnometer methods are only suitable for coarse grained soils.

Density Hydrometer (Object and scope) : -
The object of this experiment is to determine the distribution of particle size, finer than 75 micron sieve, by sedimentation analysis, using a density hydrometer, and then to plot the grain size distribution curve.
Materials and equipment : -
(i) Density hydrometer conforming to IS : 3104-1965,
(ii) Two glass measuring cylinders of 1000 ml capacity with ground glass or rubber stoppers about 7 cm diameter and 33 cm high marked at 1000 ml volume,
(iii) Thermometer to cover the range 0 to 50 °C, accurate to 0.50 °C,
(iv) Water bath or constant temperature room (optional),
(v) Stirring apparatus,
(vi) 75 micron sieve,
(vii) Balance accurate to 0.01 g,
(viii) Stop watch,
(ix) Wash bottles containing distilled water,
(x) Glass rod, about 15 to 20 cm long and 4 to 5 mm in diameter,
(xi) Reagents: Hydrogen peroxide, Hydrochloric acid N solution and Sodium hexametaphosphate

Sand Replacement Test (Object and scope) : -
The object of the test is to determine the dry density of natural or compact soil, in-place, by the sand replacement method. Materials and equipment:
(i) Sand pouring cylinder of about 3 litre capacity, mounted above a pouring cone and separated by a shutter cover plate and shutter,
(ii) Cylindrical calibrating container, 10 cm internal diameter and 15 cm internal depth, fitted with flange approximately 5 cm wide and abut 5 mm thick.
(iii) Glass plate, about 45 cm square and 1 cm thick,
(iv) Metal tray with a central circular hole of diameter equal to the diameter of the pouring cone,
(v) Tools for excavating hole,
(vi) Balance accurate to 1 g,
(vii) Container for water content determination
(viii) Clean, closely graded natural sand passing the 600-micron IS sieve and retained on the 300-micron IS sieve.

Core Cutter : -
Details of the core-cutter apparatus, which is suitable for cohesive soils, are given in figure on the right. After the cutter has been first presses into the soil and then dug out, the soil is trimmed to the size of the cutter and both cutter and soil are weighed; knowing the weight and dimensions of the cutter, the bulk density of the soil can be obtained.